On Dahl Essays - Democracy, Direct Democracy, Government

Introduction Democracy is a word commonly used in the justification for the United States of America interceding in international disputes for the sake of a certain country?s people. To bring democracy, it seems, is to bring freedom and virtuous enlightenment upon a country that is deemed tyrannical or opposing of the people within it. However, one must be aware of what exactly democracy is and why it a valued system over other governmental systems that have been in place for hundreds of years such as the Communist Party in China. To know what democracy is, it helps to understand it through educated individuals along with their body of work in such matters as important as the word democracy. On Democracy Robert A Dahl?s book, On Democracy, does exactly that. Indeed, Dahl discusses democracy in clear, simple terms, covering basic themes, issues, and questions of the governmental system as practiced, and not by forcing the reader to memorize and understand complex theories along with statistical variables. The theory Dahl covers is at its most basic, and is focused on democracy, not as a merely ?American? institution, nor is it limited to the United States as context. Instead, he covers the basics of what constitutes a democracy in general, which he often illustrates with group/organization examples or examples from other nations. He comes up with the following criteria for the opportunities democracy can provide: ?Effective participation, Equality in voting, Gaining enlightened understanding, Exercising final control over the agenda and Inclusion of citizens? (Dahl, 1998). Interestingly, Dahl?s style in the book often explains democracy, not in the terms of a single large national representative government but by instead using descriptions of how a small group of people or an organization might arrange itself to accommodate the equality and consensus of all of its members. Indeed, Dahl uses an extremely basic method to come to his main criteria for true democracy, namely ?political equality (Dahl, 1998).? He writes: ?To be democratic the government of a state must satisfy a standard. Let me put it this way: Full inclusion. The citizen body in a democratically governed state must include all persons subject to the laws of that state except transients and person[s] proved to be incapable of caring for them? (Dahl, 1998). Although Dahl does simplify his description of democracy, this does not prevent him from illuminating some of its practical difficulties. For example, he acknowledges the fact that, although all individuals hold an equal vote, a small group of ?elites? may control the agenda. Karl Marx in Section I of his Communist Manifesto described these elites as the bourgeoisie in writing on their part as Capitalists ?in one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it (bourgeoisie) has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation (Marx, 1848). If this is the case, democracy is flawed, saying, if some members are given greater opportunities than others for expressing their views, their policies are more likely to prevail? (Dahl, 1998). Further, he acknowledges that this, especially due to financial factors, can result in the formation of organized groups that, in effect, appropriate a great portion of the public ?voice? and use it to further their own inte rests and agendas. It is from this idea that Dahl?s most interesting argument in relationship to the United States springs, that this control of the agenda, through a greater ?voice? cripples democracy. Further, he raises the issue of the role of non-homogenous groups of people (either a growing, or an original factor in many countries, including the United States), and the relationship of race/ethnicity/minority status to ?voice? and achieving adequate representation in that voice. Dahl also touches on the other term one might compare to the word ?democracy?, and that is Market Capitalism. Interestingly, he asserts that many of the problems associated with imperfect democracy are a direct result of this economic model. For, whereas most individuals consider democracy to require, and be bolstered by, market capitalism, aspects of its system can directly conflict with its principles. Also, this fact contributes to the very issues of ?voice? he discusses as an impediment to true representation in writing: ?Democracy and market-capitalism are locked in a persistent conflict in which each modifies and limits the other?Because market capitalism inevitable

buy custom Technological Innovation in the World History Before 1500 essay

buy custom Technological Innovation in the World History Before 1500 essay Introduction Technological innovation refers to the vital advancements that take place in various sectors leading to an improvement in performance. The world history has experienced tremendous technological innovations from time immemorial. For instance, the world experienced considerable technological advancements in the agricultural sector with the innovations leading to heavy ploughs. This innovation had considerable cultural implications such as increased consumption due to better ways of production. This paper explicates the heavy plough innovation. My innovation is the heavy plough. This plough promoted efficiency in farming because it had a wheel making it easier for farmers to use (Gies and Gies, 100). It was advanced as the wood parts were replaced with metallic parts, to ensure durability. The innovation of the heavy plough was timely as it addressed the rising food demand among the fast growing populations. The heavy plough is believed to have developed in the Slavic lands. This is because the earlier words describing the plough were in Slavic hence making the region the potential innovation area. The early settlers in the Slavic land were the first to use the plough (Tannenbaum and Dudley, 120). Slavic innovators thought it better advancing the plough and making the workload simpler for the farmers. This innovation happened in the 5th century as there was the urgency to feed the increasing population. The 5th century was a vital period as it leads to increased use of metals in the development of this plough. This meant it could be used to plough heavier soils. This innovation underwent gradual developments. Firstly, simple ploughs with a runner were used. These were mainly made of wood making them lighter and effortless to use. Farmers could adjust them by lifting the runner (Barbier, 110). This made it simpler for them to prepare their farms although only in softer soils. The need for a better and improved plough led to this innovation. The innovators wanted to address the need for efficiency and wider farming in all soils and seasons without strain. Thus, they thought of how to come up with a more improved form of plough (Tannenbaum and Dudley, 122). They developed a plough by replacing the wood made ploughs with iron made ploughs. In addition, they introduced a wheel to replace the runner. This made the plough heavier compared t the initial one hence the name heavy plough. This improved the working of farmers as it could easily plough most soils. The heavy plough innovation is significant for world history. The innovation led to increased food productions. This meant that people all over the world at that time adopted this method of preparing their farms hence making their work simpler. In addition, this innovation is significant to the world history because it led to increase in the population all over the world. The increase in population arising from the innovation is vital to the world history because it helps tell the population compositions in the past and major growth, in the world populations (Smith and Marx, 114). The innovation is significant in the sense that it helps form part of considerable historical stories relating to transformation and development all over the world. The world history can inform people of the major developments in the entire world through this innovation. The innovation is further significant to the world history because it helps trace the adoption of various agricultural methods and tools all over the world. For instance, the innovation helps one to tell how the plough moved from one point of the world to another leading to transformations in the agricultural sector. This is vital to the world history because interrelationships and transfer of technology with various areas is told. In addition, it is significant because it contributes to the contents relating to development of a new world (Smith and Marx, 130). The world history can write various issues arising from the innovation and link them to the modern world where technology is of more advanced nature. The world history is able to tell of the innovators and the regions they came from due to the research and analysis of various matters thus expanding worldwide understanding of the heavy plough and others related to it. The innovation forms a basis for the writing of world history. The early writers were able to develop ideas and cardinal points relating to past agriculture from the innovation. The theories relating to agricultural innovations are based on the innovation making it a landmark topic in the world history. To the current world, this innovation is still significant. It has helped individuals learn from the past innovations hence making them able to develop better and diversified means of innovation. Individuals have been able to learn the art of coming up with new implements for agricultural purposes hence ensuring the menace of hunger is tackled from all sides (Tannenbaum and Dudley, 133). The innovation has enabled the current world to trace the origin of the current farming techniques and technologies hence readily identify with them. For instance, people know how the plough came into place, and the utmost advancements adopted to make it more relevant in agriculture. The current world benefits from the innovation in the sense that there is increased food production. Most people are still using the wheel plough in the preparation of their farms. This ensures that the modern world is getting adequate food just like the past world. The innovation is also contributing to leading research in many parts of the world (Barbier, 123). People still have the urge to come up with ploughs that have wheels just like the heavy plough. This has seen most researchers and innovators coming up with newer means of advancing this heavy plough. The world today can know and explain the past farming habits. This is learnt from the innovation and its impact on past agriculture. Individuals are able to tell how the past world used to practice agriculture and how this was significant. It is able to know how the past world used to gain from the innovation. Smith and Marx (140) assert that this is vital because it helps establish and inform the current world of past events leading to better ideas and adoption of better means. History enables the current world learn on how to better the agricultural practices compared to the past world hence better food security. In conclusion, an innovation refers to the advancement of the existing technology. The innovation relating to the heavy plough was vital. The innovation came up in the 5th century. It came up and adequately addressed the problem of feeding the massively growing population. It was innovated in Slavic lands and further spread to other areas of Europe like Italy. This is so because most of the words describing the plough came from the place. The innovation is vital to the world history. It forms a basis of writing the world history. In addition, it enables the world history tell of the gradual emergence of this vital plough. World history can establish the emergence of agricultural implements and the persona behind them. To the world, the innovation has increased the urge for more detailed innovations and research. The need to get a better form of the heavy plough is the motivation for the research. Buy custom Technological Innovation in the World History Before 1500 essay

Jacob Lawrence Biography

Jacob Lawrence Biography The Basics: History Painter is an appropriate title, although Jacob Lawrence himself preferred Expressionist, and he was certainly best-qualified to describe his own work. Lawrence is one of the best known 20th-century African-American painters, along with Romare Bearden. While Lawrence is often associated with the Harlem Renaissance, its not accurate. He began studying art half a decade after the Great Depression terminated the heyday of that movement. It can be argued, though, that the Harlem Renaissance brought into being the schools, teachers and artist-mentors from whom Lawrence later learned. Early Life: Lawrence was born on September 7, 1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey.After a childhood marked by a series of moves, and the separation of his parents, Jacob Lawrence, his mother and two younger siblings settled in Harlem when he was 12. It was there that he discovered drawing and painting (on discarded cardboard boxes), while attending an after-school program at Utopia Childrens Center. He kept up painting when he could, but was forced to drop out of school to help support the family after his mother lost her job during the Great Depression. His Art: Luck (and the persistent help of sculptor Augusta Savage) intervened to procure Lawrence an easel job as a part of the W.P.A. (Works Progress Administration). He loved art, reading and history. His quiet determination to show that African Americans, too, were a major factor in the history of the Western hemisphere despite their conspicuous absence in art and literature led him to embark on his first important series, The Life of Toussaint LOuverture. 1941 was a banner year for Jacob Lawrence: he broke the color barrier when his seminal, 60-panel The Migration of the Negro was exhibited at the prestigious Downtown Gallery, and also married fellow painter Gwendolyn Knight. He served in the U.S. Coast Guard during WWII and returned to his career as an artist. He landed a temporary job teaching at Black Mountain College (in 1947) at the invitation of Josef Albers who became both an influencer and friend. Lawrence spent the rest of his life painting, teaching and writing. He is best known for his representational compositions, full of simplified shapes, and bold colors and his use of watercolor and gouache. Unlike nearly any other modern or contemporary artist, he always worked in series of paintings, each with a distinct theme. His influence, as the visual artist who told stories of the dignity, hopes and struggles of African Americans in American history, is incalculable. Lawrence died on June 9, 2000 in Seattle, Washington. Important Works: Toussaint LOuverture (series), 1937-38 Harriet Tubman (series), 1938-39 Frederick Douglass (series), 1939-40 The Migration of the Negro (series), 1941 John Brown (series), 1941-42 Famous Quotes: I would describe my work as expressionist. The expressionist point of view is stressing your own feelings about something.  My belief is that it is most important for an artist to develop an approach and philosophy about life - if he has developed this philosophy, he does not put paint on canvas, he puts himself on canvas. If at times my productions do not express the conventionally beautiful, there is always an effort to express the universal beauty of mans continuous struggle to lift his social position and to add dimension to his spiritual being.When the subject is strong, simplicity is the only way to treat it. Sources and Further Reading: Falconer, Morgan. Lawrence, Jacob Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, 20 August 2005. Read a review of Grove Art Online.Lawrence, Jacob. Harriet and the Promised Land. New York : Aladdin Publishing, 1997 (reprint ed.). (Reading level: Ages 4-8) This wonderfully illustrated book, along with The Great Migration (below), are excellent means with which to introduce budding art enthusiasts to Jacob Lawrence.Lawrence, Jacob. The Great Migration. New York : Harper Trophy, 1995. (Reading level: Ages 9-12)Nesbett, Peter T. (ed.). Complete Jacob Lawrence. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2000.Nesbett, Peter T. (ed.). Over the Line: The Art and Life of Jacob Lawrence.Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2000. Films Worth Watching: Jacob Lawrence: An Intimate Portrait (1993)Jacob Lawrence:The Glory of Expression (1994) Names beginning with L or Artist Profiles: Main Index. .

Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Insurance - Essay Example The insurance schemes using telematics technology has several advantages while at the same time it ails from certain disadvantages. One of the main advantages of telematics insurance is that it can constantly remind the driver of how fast he or she is driving the vehicle. Thus, when a person drives the vehicle beyond the safe speed limit, it works as an automatic check on dangerous habits. Thus, the younger generations who tend to embark on dangerous driving habits will b encouraged to adopt safe driving practices through this system of insurance. Since the insurance company collects the premium based on the driving behaviour of student drivers, telematics will inculcate in them the habit of safe driving. It also offers a no claim-discount for the first five years and, therefore, it can reduce the risk of accidents in the case of young student drivers, who otherwise tend to drive recklessly. This in turn will also help the students to get a low insurance premium, which can be an attractive proposition for them. On the expiry of the insurance coverage reimbursement is made for the unused miles, and this enables t he students to save the amount from their first premium deposit. Telematics technology helps the insurer also to advise young student drivers when they meet with any road accident. Since the technology tracks driving behaviour, it allows them to claim damage from the insurer, provided there is no fault in their part. Some insurers such as â€Å"Insure the Box† provide a â€Å"bonus of 100 mile per month† to young student drivers if they drive safely (Avery, 2011). â€Å"As per ABI news release on 5th march 2013† a reduction in car insurance premium for young drivers of up to 20% is expected, if the government takes action for maintaining a complete risk free driving on roads by the young students (ABI News Release, 2013). The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has announced recently that it will prohibit insurance companies which tax more premiums

Psychosis and Schizophrenia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Psychosis and Schizophrenia - Case Study Example For the past two days he has not slept at all, only eats food out of cans that he himself has opened, and refuses to leave the house. PPH: He was hospitalized for five days in July of 2007 for a â€Å"nervous breakdown† after being fired from a summer job. His parents indicate that at that time, he was talking to himself all the time and not thinking clearly. He was treated with Haloperidol but they cannot remember the dose. They said he was much better after leaving the hospital but only took the medicine for a few weeks because it made him feel stiff and slowed down. PMH: Not significant, only the usual childhood illnesses SH: Graduated high school in upper third of his class and participated in extra-curricular and social activities. Began having academic difficulties this year and is now down to part-time status after failing two classes last semester. He has returned to live at home with his parents because he could not get along with his roommate. Non-smoker; social drin ker Meds: Was on Haloperidol on July 2007, but stopped abruptly due to side effects Current Meds: None PE: WNL Vitals - BP 120/70, P 88, RR 17, T 98.6, Ht 5’7† Wt 100 kg Heart- NRRR HEENT - PERRLA, EOMI, fundi benign Neck - no bruits, no JVD, no thyromegaly Lungs – CTA Abd- +BS, No masses or bruits MS/Ext - nl ROM, muscle strength 5/5 in UE and LE, no peripheral edema Neuro - all cranial nerves intact Labs: Chem 7 - WNL HEME 18 - WNL UA - WNL Urine Drug Screen (+) for cannabinoids MSE: Appearance = poorly groomed white male who appears his stated age Behavior = hypervigilant and suspicious but cooperative Speech = slightly pressured and rambling Thought Process = tangential with occasional interruptions suggesting thought blocking Thought Content = positive for auditory hallucinations and ideas of reference Affect = anxious Cognition = A&O x 3, recent and remote memory intact I. AP Note A. Present Problem Gerald is brought to the hospital by his parents due to hi s odd behavior which includes false beliefs, sleeplessness and irrational suspicions which increase in frequency over the past two weeks. B. Risk Factors Puberty History of psychiatric problem Previous intake of antipsychotic drug Substance abuse C. Assessment 1. Evaluation Gerald is brought by his parents to the hospital due to his peculiar behavior. Two weeks ago, he started exhibiting persecutory delusions and insisted on keeping their house lights on all the time. He was reportedly seen awake on most nights. Gerald also had delusions of reference wherein he accuses his ex-girlfriend of bugging his room and his former roommate to be sending threat messages over the radio. Gerald is awake for more than 48 hours now and manifests paranoia by eating only self-opened canned foods. His persecutory delusion has led me to refuse leaving their house. The presence of delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech, according to DSM-IV-TR, places Gerald in the classification of Paranoid type of Schizophrenia. However, by considering that his urine drug screen tested positive for cannabinoids, thorough diagnosis of his symptoms is needed to rule out the physiologic etiology of substance abuse. He needs pharmacological intervention appropriate for Schizophrenia with co-morbidity of substance abu

Analysis of the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost shows the narrator coming to a fork in the wood, which offers two paths to take. By use of symbolism and various verb tenses in different stanzas the author was able to convey the overall meaning of the poem. The narrator scrutinized the road but does not find a noticeable difference in the two paths and thus was stuck deciding whether which road is the better decision. However, in the fourth stanza, by the allegory â€Å"I took the one less traveled by† shows that the narrator wishes to take the path which leads to individualism. The narrator portrayed that in life there are decisions we must make that must be based on our own agenda. Symbols also play in defining the meaning of the poem. The symbol of the color yellow is use to show more than just the narrator’s cowardice, but also yellow represents autumn meaning the author is at the end of his life which indicates that he has wasted his whole life in indecision. Other symbols such as â€Å"two roads† and â€Å"one traveler† in the first stanza show the idea of free choice and individualism of the narrator. We can also tie in to the fact that because the roads lies in the woods, and that roads represents free choice, the overall idea would be comparable to free choice and fate. You are free to choose what choice to make but in the end the choices you make are still a part of your fate. In the first three stanzas the poem is written in past tense, but in the fourth stanza the poem is written in future tense. By repeating â€Å"two roads diverged in a wood† in the fourth stanza the narrator is implying that he is reflecting upon if the choice he had made was the better of the two choices. The first three stanzas of the poem being in past tense hints that he is looking back at his past, but the fourth stanza shows us the narrator is hoping â€Å"somewhere ages and ages hence† the decision he made will benefit him. In addition, because the narrator is still uncertain if the choice he made was the better of the two, we can concludes that he is still reflective on whether which road he should have took, hence the title â€Å"The Road Not Taken. † Partially, the poem tells us about the narrator’s fear of regrets which eventually leads to his indecisiveness in choice of what road to travel. The fear of making mistakes from either choice had excluded the narrator from taking any action. . Frost’s point is to acknowledge the fact that in life there are choices where uncertainty makes choosing difficult, and often we are paralyzed by the fact of making the â€Å"wrong choice. † Words such as â€Å"sorry,† â€Å"sigh,† and â€Å"doubted† shows the authors regrets and concern for making the wrong choice. The last stanza offered the author’s apprehension furthermore of whether which road he should take with the stuttered â€Å"I. † Although in the last two lines the narrator says he takes â€Å"the [road] less traveled by, and that has made all the difference,† the use of the word difference is ironic to what the poem has states in retrospective about the similarity of the roads. In the poem The Road Not Taken the narrator’s idea of non-conformity coupled with the fear of regrets from making the wrong choice apprehended him from making any decisions. The Road Not Taken shows us that the choices we make in life should be based on our individual values.

Why Gas Prices Are Rising Essay -- essays research papers

Gas prices rising OR EVEN ABOUT SQUEEZING a few more miles out of each precious tankful. But among the special-edition Ferraris, bizarre Cadillac studies and a whole new crop of gas-guzzling SUVs, not all that many people were talking about cheaper and cleaner ways of getting around. The section of the show dedicated to ‘New Energies’ was a tiny corner on the second floor of Hall 2, behind the stands of the insurance companies. There were exactly two exhibits. The lull is deceiving. Never have so many automakers put as much money and effort into building a greener car. Not entirely without some prodding, mind you. Facing clean-fleet laws in the U.S. and â€Å"voluntary† restrictions in Europe, the industry is committing to cut emissions of its gasoline and diesel-powered cars. Gridlocked Italian cities like Rome and Milan may ban conventional cars altogether from their historic centers. In Tokyo, putting 30,000 natural-gas-powered taxis in the streets has already helped clean up the air. But most of all, carmakers have been whipped into action by California’s Zero Emissions Mandate that requires ten percent of all cars sold in the state to be pollution-free by 2003. Mention green cars, and most people think of some battery-powered buggy that the average driver wouldn’t be caught dead in. Electric cars have been around for decades and never caught on. Their problem: batteries aren’t very powerful, so the car’s speed, range and weight remain strictly limited. The typical result is Ford’s new TH!NK, already on the market in Scandinavia and about to hit a few dozen American dealers as well. The TH!NK is a tiny two-seater with a grubby-looking plastic shell that can go about 50 miles between recharges, at a top speed of 50 mph. A full charge takes eight hours, but costs only 50 cents. With a sticker price of $15,000, the car will win a small market niche at best. If you’re not willing to put up with the performance of a glorified golf cart, there are always standard cars powered by alternative fuels like propane, ethanol or liquified natural gas. Also around for decades, these cars have actually begun to catch on. There are 4 million cars in the world today running on a propane/butane mix, including 1.2 million in Italy alone. Many gas stations offer this cleaner fuel as well, so chances are you don’t have to drive very far for a fillup. GM’s U.K.-based Vauxh... ...drogen in favor of methanol, which is simpler to transport and releases hydrogen fairly easily. Trouble is, methanol leaves toxic byproducts that need to be disposed. BMW uses a different technology, burning hydrogen in a conventional combustion engine. Clean steam comes out of the exhaust pipe. As with any other technology, there’s a fierce battle for the standards that will define our hydrogen fuel-cell future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So while hydrogen may be what DaimlerChrysler CEO Juergen Schrempp calls â€Å"the great big alternative,† it’ll be a while yet before this technology is mature enough to replace gasoline-powered cars on a grand scale. The first models will roll out in a few years, but they’ll be expensive and hard to find a filling station for. But industry analysts predict that by 2010, the market will be ready; another ten years, and half the cars sold in the world could run on hydrogen. â€Å"Everyone is buying a ticket to the lottery because we all know that whoever wins will win big time,† says Paul Everitt, chief economist at the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. If he’s right, greener cars will start to be a much hotter category at the auto show.

Great Expectations – Charles Dickens

The evolution of a person can be complicated when one has â€Å"great expectations. † In Charles Dickens’ finest novel, â€Å"Great Expectations,† a young boy named Phillip Pirrup known as Pip who’s great expectations are a dramatized exploration of human growth and the pressures that distort the potential of an ordinary individual, especially in the process of growing up. Pip is a simple blacksmith’s boy who aspires to cross social boundaries when he realizes his own upbringing is common; however, he has no means to change; mysteriously, he is given the means, but wealth only brings him arrogance. He learns that happiness in life can be achieved only by hard work and the great expectations not grounded in reality can only lead to tragedy and heartache. Uncommonness on the inside is more important than uncommoness on the outside. Pip progresses through three stages of life, all of which he goes through different goals. In Pip’s first stage of life he is an innocent boy with a good heart, whose goals are to be apprenticed as a blacksmith with his friend and guardian, Joe Gargery. Perhaps, he doesn’t have very many goals as a seven-year-old because he doesn’t know what the world has to impact upon him. This shows that Joe is a role model to Pip and is a factor of his life. In Pip’s second stage of life, his goals change a bit to which makes him change his attitude toward his loved ones; he meets Estella, a rich snobby, but beautiful girl, whom rejects Pip, therefore Pip has a goal to become a gentleman to be in the company of Estella. This shows that Estella is an influence to his goals and affects his attitude in life. This also reveals that Pip becomes arrogant because of the predominance of Estella because he wants to be at the same level as her to with her. Pip’s third stage in life has soon to come, his goal is to still be with Estella, but mostly he wants to help out his benefactor, Abel Magwitch, known as the â€Å"convict;† he also learns that his expectations are all one big sham. This shows how is attitude has changed from a cold hearted arrogant person to a warm hearted caring person. This also reveals that he has to help his benefactor in order to feel a level of satisfaction. Ultimately, Pip learns that his goal in life is out of reach and is full of haughtiness. Undergoing his three stages of life, he has many different values toward himself and others. In Pip’s first stage, his values are very primitive, the only values he has is for Joe, his values for Joe are very father-son like, he feels equal to Joe. Perhaps, Pip has very primitive values because he has very little knowledge about how life works. This also reveals that he might have felt this value because of the way Joe treated Pip. In Pip’s second stage of life, his values for Joe change tremendously because of the money he receives while getting an education. This shows how money can change a person’s values for the people around him. This also reveals that he thinks he is better than Joe is because he is now wealthier and is high class. In Pip’s third stage of life his values change dramatically, he realizes how is arrogance and selfishness affect the way he treats other people, like the time he is disgusted to be educated by a convict. This shows how Pip and society put a tag on people and it can never change. This also reveals that Pip learns from his mistakes once it has backfired on himself. Pip’s values dramatically change, he learns from his mistakes and his worth of being a human become clear.

“School Ties” Film Analysis

I have decided to watch movie† School Ties† because it talks about Americans college students from 1950s and their way of looking at race and religion. ‘School Ties' addresses the prevalent anti-Semitism views in the USA. But it also presents discrimination and social pressure to ‘fit in', the urge to deny one's ideals and beliefs in order to be accepted by environment. Main character of the movie David Green is a Jewish kid who is very talented in football, this skill gets him a full scholarship to an exclusive New England Prep School and thereby a one in a million chance to get into Harvard.At the beginning of the movie we can see that David has to pay a high price because of his Jewish heritage. Before living to school David stopped at the local teen hangout to say goodbye to his friends, while doing it he get taunted by a member of a rival gang and called â€Å"Jewish buster†, after hearing that remark David fought him, it seems like he is used to g etting respect from others by force. On the arrival day at the new school, David is advised by the sports coach to keep his Jewishness to himself.It is upsetting to know that even school officials are not able to tolerate his religion. Later, in the dormitory, David meets his upper-class schoolmates who are patently anti-Semitic, more because it's the commonly accepted attitude than for any specific, personal reasons. Their casually spoken remarks bother David, but he does not react to it because he wants to fit in. He realizes that they'll tolerate his not being as rich or as connected as them better than the fact of him being Jewish.David is willing to sacrifice a lot in order to be part of the group, even though it compromises his upbringing. He hides his Jewishness because he knows the reaction it will provoke. Yet he still sneaks off in the middle of the night to celebrate the Jewish New Year. In the middle of the movie fact of David being a Jew comes out and at that moment his world falls apart. Each of David's classmates reacts differently to the realization that they have made friends with a Jew. These reactions vary from cautious acceptance to outright condemnation .Although most of David's classmates, blatantly and continuously proclaims that Jews are dirty, greedy, and worthless. His new friends do not want to have anything to do with him, his girlfriend dumps him and explains that she does not want to be ridiculed by others and hear comments of† how it is to kiss a Jew† David has a hard time understanding entire situation; he's still the same person after all. He confronts his room-mate Chris, who tries to pretend it isn't so much about being a Jew as about having lied to them.According to him David should have told him from the beginning that he was a Jew. David defends himself by pointing out that Chris hadn't told him about being a Methodist. Ostracized on all sides, David now faces harassment nasty remarks in the dining room and the n a Nazi banner in his room saying â€Å"Go home Jew† During the history exam one of the boys cheats and loses a copy chit he was using, Professor finds it and requires the cheater to admit; unfortunately no one is ready to take the blame. Therefore boys trying to decide themselves which one of them is guilty.Boys spending long time debating and their votes are divided between David and Dillon. By the end they decide to blame David because of his Jewish heritage, when David’s roommate is trying to defend him one of the boys makes a mean remark toward him saying â€Å"You rather give up one of us for the price of a stupid Jew†. Boys ending up in favor of Dillon and force David to admit something he had not done. David is told to go and admit his ‘crime' to the Principal. Deeply hurt, David sees no other way than to comply with this obvious ganging up. He goes to the Principal's Office and takes the blame.But, fortunately, the truth came out because one of t he boys who saw Dillon cheated informs school officials before David admits. Dillon is summarily expelled and David is asked to stay on. The Principal wants to ‘forget' the incident even happened, but David refuses to do so. â€Å"You used me for football†, he says, â€Å"Now I'll use you to get into Harvard†. The movie presents many types of microagression while analyzing it we can easily distinguish microassault that refers to verbal and nonverbal attack to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments.In the movie boys intentionally attack David verbally and nonverbally when they find out that he is Jewish, it is definitely an example of overt discrimination. On every occasion they freely express derogatory feelings and opinions that they hold against David’s â€Å"otherness†. It is really upsetting that actions like that are going on in one of the most prestigious Colleges that should actually be an example to others of how to treat diversity, ins tead of discriminating it should teach acceptance and tolerance.I really enjoy a movie and I believe It well presents a struggle that every one of us could have facing such a great opportunities. Deciding between religion which is part of our identity or being successful in academic career can be pretty challenging task. I think film â€Å"School ties† brought into a discussion a real issue which is very relevant, we all want to be part of dominant group and in order to do so we often must gave up some part of our identity which is distinct, unfortunately such a decision will never make us fully satisfied with ourselves.

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) History

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) History The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is an industrial labor union, founded in 1905 as a more radical alternative to craft unions. An industrial union organizes by industry, rather than by craft. The IWW is also intended to be a radical and socialist union, with an anti-capitalist agenda, not just reformist agenda within an overall capitalist system. The current constitution of the IWW makes clear its class struggle orientation: The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life.Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take possession of the means of production, abolish the wage system, and live in harmony with the Earth.†¦.It is the historic mission of the working class to do away with capitalism. The army of production must be organized, not only for everyday struggle with capitalists, but also to carry on production when capitalism shall have been overthrown. By organizing industrially we are forming the structure of the new society within the shell of the old. Informally called the â€Å"Wobblies,† the IWW originally brought together 43 labor organizations into â€Å"one big union.† The Western Federation of Miners (WFM) was one of the larger groups that inspired the founding. The organization also brought together Marxists, democratic socialists, anarchists, and others. The union was also committed to organizing workers regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or immigrant status. Founding Convention The Industrial Workers of the World was founded at a convention in Chicago called on June 27, 1905, which â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood called â€Å"the Continental Congress of the working class.† The convention set the direction of the IWW as a confederation of workers for â€Å"the emancipation of the working class from the slave bondage of capitalism.† Second Convention The following year, 1906, with Debs and Haywood absent, Daniel DeLeon led his followers within the organization to remove the president and abolish that office, and to diminish the influence of the Western Federation of Miners, which DeLeon and his Socialist Labor Party fellows considered too conservative. Western Federation of Miners Trial At the end of 1905, after confronting the Western Federation of Miners on strike at Coeur d’Alene, someone assassinated the governor of Idaho, Frank Steunenberg.  In the first months of 1906, the Idaho authorities kidnapped Haywood, another union official Charles Moyer, and sympathizer George A. Pettibone, taking them across state lines to stand trial in Idaho.  Clarence Darrow took up the defense of the accused, winning the case at the trial from May 9 to July 27, which was widely publicized.  Darrow won an acquittal for the three men, and the union profited from the publicity. 1908 Split In 1908, a split in the party formed when Daniel DeLeon and his followers argued that the IWW should pursue political goals through the Social Labor Party (SLP). The faction which prevailed, often identified with â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood, supported strikes, boycotts, and general propaganda, and opposed political organization. The SLP faction left the IWW, forming the Workers’ International Industrial Union, which lasted until 1924. Strikes The first IWW strike of note was the Pressed Steel Car Strike, 1909, in Pennsylvania. The Lawrence textile strike of 1912 began among the workers at the Lawrence mills and then attracted IWW organizers to help out. The strikers numbered about 60% of the city’s population and were successful in their strike. In the east and Midwest, the IWW organized many strikes. Then they organized miners and lumberjacks in the west.   People Key early organizers of the IWW included Eugene Debs, â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood, â€Å"Mother† Jones, Daniel DeLeon, Lucy Parsons, Ralph Chaplin, William Trautmann, and others.  Elizabeth Gurley Flynn gave speeches for the IWW until she was expelled from high school, then she became a full-time organizer. Joe Hill (remembered in the â€Å"Ballad of Joe Hill†) was another early member who contributed his skill in writing song lyrics including parodies.  Helen Keller joined in 1918, to considerable criticism. Many workers joined the IWW when it was organizing a particular strike, and dropped membership when the strike was over.  In 1908, the union, despite its larger-than-life image, had only 3700 members. By 1912, the membership was 30,000 but was only half that the next three years.  Some have estimated that 50,000 to 100,000 workers may have belonged to the IWW at various times. Tactics The IWW used a variety of radical and conventional union tactics. The IWW supported collective bargaining, with the union and the owners negotiating over wages and working conditions. The IWW opposed the use of arbitration – settlement with negotiations run by a third party.  They organized in mills and factories, railroad yards and railroad cars. Factory owners used propaganda, strike-breaking, and police actions to break up IWW efforts. One tactic was using Salvation Army bands to drown out IWW speakers. (No wonder some IWW songs make fun of the Salvation Army, especially Pie in the Sky or Preacher and Slave.) When the IWW struck in company towns or work camps, employers responded with violent and brutal repression. Frank Little, partly of Native American heritage, was lynched in Butte, Montana, in 1917. The American Legion attacked an IWW hall in 1919 and murdered Wesley Everest. Trials of IWW organizers on trumped-up charges was another tactic. From the Haywood trial, to the trial of immigrant Joe Hill (the evidence was slim and then disappeared) for which he was convicted and the executed in 1915, to a Seattle rally where deputies fired on a boat and a dozen people died, to the 1200 Arizona strikers and family members detained, put in railroad cars, and dumped in the desert in 1917. In 1909, when Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was arrested in Spokane, Washington, under a new law against street speeches, the IWW developed a response: whenever any member was arrested for speaking, many others would also begin speaking in the same place, daring the police to arrest them, and overwhelming the local jails.  The defense of free speech brought attention to the movement, and in some places, also brought out vigilantes using force and violence to oppose street meetings.  Free speech fights continued from 1909 through 1914 in a number of cities. The IWW advocated for general strikes to oppose capitalism in general as an economic system. Songs To build solidarity, the members of IWW often used music.  Dump the Bosses Off Your Back, Pie in the Sky (Preacher and Slave), One Big Industrial Union, Popular Wobbly, Rebel Girl were among those included in the IWW’s â€Å"Little Red Songbook.† The IWW Today The IWW still exists.  But its power diminished during World War I, as sedition laws were used to put many of its leaders in prison, totaling almost 300 people. Local police and off duty military personnel forcibly closed IWW offices. Then some key IWW leaders, immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917, left the IWW to found the Communist Party, USA.  Haywood, charged with sedition and out on bail, fled to the Soviet Union. After the war, a few strikes were won through the 1920s and 1930s, but the IWW had faded to a very small group with little national power.

MCAT Accommodations

MCAT Accommodations When youre interested in applying to medical school, but you happen to need accommodations of some kind, it may seem like you have no recourse when it comes to taking the MCAT. You couldnt be more incorrect. Like on other standardized tests – the SAT, the LSAT, the GRE – accommodations are available for the MCAT, too. The only thing youll be required to do if you believe youre someone who needs MCAT accommodations, is figure out the steps you need to take to secure that type of registration. Thats where this article comes in handy. See below for information regarding the types of MCAT accommodations available and the things you   need to do to secure them for yourself. MCAT Registration FAQs Who Needs MCAT Accommodations? Testers who have a medical condition or disability that necessitates changes to the MCAT testing conditions (or think they have one) should go ahead and apply for an MCAT accommodation. The AAMC lists the following as representative of conditions or disabilities that may qualify you for a testing change. They note, however, that the list is not inclusive, so if you believe you need an MCAT change, you should apply even if your particular disability or condition is not listed below: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Anxiety disordersMajor depressionLearning disabilitiesPhysical impairmentsVisual impairmentsCrohns DiseaseDiabetesMobility impairments MCAT Accommodations Available Depending on the need of the individual requesting the accommodation, the AAMC will offer things to help make the MCAT more accessible. The following list is just a sampling of what they can do for you: Large printExtra testing timeA separate testing roomPermission to bring in specific items like an inhaler, water or hard candy into the testing room If you require a testing situation outside one of these accommodations the AAMC is willing to make, youll need to make that clear in your application so they can review your needs and make a determination. MCAT Accommodations Application Process In order to get the ball rolling on securing MCAT accommodations, youll need to complete the following steps. Register for an AAMC ID. Youll use this ID when you register for the MCAT, apply for accommodations, apply to medical school, apply for a residency and more. So, make sure your user ID and password is one that youll remember and wont mind seeing again and again. Register for the MCAT. Youll need to register for a regular MCAT testing seat at first, so you can take the test on the date and time you prefer in case your accommodations request is denied. With dozens of test dates and times to choose from, youll be sure to find one that suits you best. Review the Accommodation Request Time Frames and Types. There are different times you must submit your application based on what youre trying to get approved. Many require 60 days, so do your research! Read the Application Requirements for Your Type of Impairment. There are different procedures to go through based on whether you have a physical impairment thats permanent (diabetes, asthma), an injury (a broken leg) or a learning disability . Every application must include a personalized cover letter that describes your disability and functional impairments along medical documentation and an evaluation provided by the AAMC. Submit your Application. You must – MUST – submit your application for accommodations no later than 60 days before the Silver Zone registration deadline. Whats the Silver Zone Registration? Wait for a Decision! Youll receive a letter via the MCAT Accommodations Online that your request has either been approved or denied. If youve been approved, your next step will be to confirm your seat as an accommodated tester. If youre denied, just show up for your standard testing time. MCAT Accommodations Questions Got a question for the AAMC? You can either contact them via email or mail. E-mail: accommodationsaamc.org Mailing Address AAMCMCAT Office of Accommodated TestingAttn: Saresa Davis, Mailroom Supervisor2450 N Street, NWWashington, DC 20037

International Business Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Communications - Essay Example Food chain outlets such as Mc Donald and KFC have successfully made their impression on every sphere of the globe and are still going strong with the expansion spree. But there are organizations which even being popular within a country have not really moved out of their closet to explore the new horizons. One such organization is White Castle Hamburger restaurant which is very popular in US and the company over past 90 years has grown tremendously, but, still the company has not tried to expand its business be it even in US market as the company is said to be family run and the all the outlets are supposed to family owned with no franchisee outlet (White Castle, 2012). But, if it has to expand globally to increase its market share and explore other areas where it can compete with other competitors like MC Donald it has strategize a new plan for the expansion and to expand beyond territories the most preferable option is the franchisee way. Through the franchisee way the company can spread its legacy of nine decades to other parts of the world and emerge a global leader in the hamburger chain outlets. Say, White Castle decides to expand its outlets to London, Mexico & China it has to manage certain communication barriers because of different cultural background in these 3 countries. Part I: White Castle’s quest to expand in the 3 countries i.e. ... White Castle has to pick these three aspects and work accordingly in context to China, Mexico & London. To be a part of these countries White Castle must work on its service to customers as well as curb the cultural difference within the organization between different cultural employees. A good social behavior is can create wonders for the company. China is a place with different cultural background and so is Mexico and it is very important to respect the culture of these countries and train the employees in accordance keeping their cultural values intact. Also the employees should be trained ethically to follow the values intact with the organization over the years. Company ethics like its core values, its approach towards the service imparted to customers should be of prime focus despite changing cultures and also White Castle can take part in various CSR activities to further emerge as a global player. The attitudes of people should be considered as for London the attitude can be individualistic but in case of China & Mexico the attitude can be collective with more people coming together in deciding over a particular issue. Thus, this also has to deal with in a planned & structured manner (Chaney, 2008, p. 215-220). Part II: White Castle’s expansion of its hamburger outlet cannot be a successful venture unless some of its top managers take the responsibility to lead from the front and take charge of the business in the countries where White Castle has decided to expand its outlets. Managers surely will make things easier for the company but in return they are bound to face some difficulties in diversified culture of different countries. The biggest cultural shock for these managers can be the way people